7.1. Reliability and Security Architecture
BSC is built upon modern cryptographic methods to ensure the security of transactions, wallets and user data. A key feature is its Proof-of-Stake Authority (PoSA) algorithm, which combines Proof-of-Stake and Authority models to achieve an optimal balance between decentralization and scalability. Transactions and operations within the network are validated by a limited set of authorized validators, ensuring the network's integrity.
For cryptographic security, BSC employs an Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) based on the secp256k1 curve, widely recognized in Ethereum-compatible ecosystems.
Mathematically, this is expressed as:
where:
k — private key,
P — public key,
G — base point of the curve.
To ensure data immutability, BSC uses the keccak256 hash function (a variant of SHA-3), guaranteeing that data cannot be tampered with or altered. Block headers and transaction data are hashed into a Merkle tree structure, allowing efficient transaction integrity verification.
The hash mark is calculated as:
M — represents input data.
Any changes to the data result in a completely different hash mark, eliminating the possibility of tampering.
BSC employs a limited set of validators to ensure high throughput and reduce vulnerabilities. Validators are periodically rotated based on staking and voting, minimizing centralization risks. Additionally, compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) ensures the secure execution of smart contracts.
BSC’s modular structure ensures that even in the event of validator or shard compromise, the consequences for the entire network are minimal.
Wallets within the BSC ecosystem are designed with security in mind. Private keys are stored locally on the user’s device and encrypted. Popular wallets, such as MetaMask, support integration with hardware wallets (Ledger and Trezor) and can be used with multisignature services like Gnosis Safe. Even if the device is compromised, access to funds remains impossible without the password and private key.
Benefits of Using BSC for Reliability and Security:
Multisignature support (Multisig): Transactions require signatures from multiple participants, providing enhanced protection, particularly for corporate and DAO wallets.
Emphasis on transaction speed and cost-efficiency: While slightly less decentralized than Ethereum, the network achieves approximately 100 TPS (transactions per second) with an average transaction cost of around $0.50.
EVM compatibility: Enables developers to efficiently create and deploy smart contracts written in Solidity. The well-developed ecosystem simplifies the creation of applications on the BSC platform.
Protection mechanisms: Includes safeguards against reentrancy attacks and detailed operation logging, minimizing vulnerabilities such as reentrancy and data overflow attacks.
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